Wireless networks are accessible to anyone within the router’s transmission radius. This makes them vulnerable to attacks. Hotspots are available in public places such as airports, restaurants, parks, etc.
In this tutorial, we will introduce you to common techniques used to exploit weaknesses in wireless network security implementations. We will also look at some of the countermeasures you can put in place to protect against such attacks.
Topics covered in this tutorial
Using a VPN will allow the person to not only unlock Roblox, but gives additional access to unlock restricted sites and videos such as YouTube or Netflix. Students with a VPN are also able to access movies and other shows from around the world without worry. Many people have started to understand how important having a VPN is.
What is a wireless network?
A wireless network is a network that uses radio waves to link computers and other devices together. The implementation is done at the Layer 1 (physical layer) of the OSI model.
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How to access a wireless network?
You will need a wireless network enabled device such as a laptop, tablet, smartphones, etc. You will also need to be within the transmission radius of a wireless network access point. Most devices (if the wireless network option is turned on) will provide you with a list of available networks. If the network is not password protected, then you just have to click on connect. If it is password protected, then you will need the password to gain access.
Wireless Network Authentication
Since the network is easily accessible to everyone with a wireless network enabled device, most networks are password protected. Let’s look at some of the most commonly used authentication techniques.
WEP
WEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It was developed for IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards. Its goal was to provide the privacy equivalent to that provided by wired networks. WEP works by encrypting the data been transmitted over the network to keep it safe from eavesdropping.
WEP Authentication
Open System Authentication (OSA) – this methods grants access to station authentication requested based on the configured access policy.
Shared Key Authentication (SKA) – This method sends to an encrypted challenge to the station requesting access. The station encrypts the challenge with its key then responds. If the encrypted challenge matches the AP value, then access is granted.
WEP Weakness
WEP has significant design flaws and vulnerabilities.
- The integrity of the packets is checked using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC32). CRC32 integrity check can be compromised by capturing at least two packets. The bits in the encrypted stream and the checksum can be modified by the attacker so that the packet is accepted by the authentication system. This leads to unauthorized access to the network.
- WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm to create stream ciphers. The stream cipher input is made up of an initial value (IV) and a secret key. The length of the initial value (IV) is 24 bits long while the secret key can either be 40 bits or 104 bits long. The total length of both the initial value and secret can either be 64 bits or 128 bits long.The lower possible value of the secret key makes it easy to crack it.
- Weak Initial values combinations do not encrypt sufficiently. This makes them vulnerable to attacks.
- WEP is based on passwords; this makes it vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
- Keys management is poorly implemented. Changing keys especially on large networks is challenging. WEP does not provide a centralized key management system.
- The Initial values can be reused
Because of these security flaws, WEP has been deprecated in favor of WPA
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WPA
WPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is a security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in response to the weaknesses found in WEP. It is used to encrypt data on 802.11 WLANs. It uses higher Initial Values 48 bits instead of the 24 bits that WEP uses. It uses temporal keys to encrypt packets.
WPA Weaknesses
- The collision avoidance implementation can be broken
- It is vulnerable to denial of service attacks
- Pre-shares keys use passphrases. Weak passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
How to Crack Wireless Networks
WEP cracking
Cracking is the process of exploiting security weaknesses in wireless networks and gaining unauthorized access. WEP cracking refers to exploits on networks that use WEP to implement security controls. There are basically two types of cracks namely;
- Passive cracking– this type of cracking has no effect on the network traffic until the WEP security has been cracked. It is difficult to detect.
- Active cracking– this type of attack has an increased load effect on the network traffic. It is easy to detect compared to passive cracking. It is more effective compared to passive cracking.
WEP Cracking Tools
- Aircrack– network sniffer and WEP cracker. Can be downloaded from http://www.aircrack-ng.org/
- WEPCrack– this is an open source program for breaking 802.11 WEP secret keys. It is an implementation of the FMS attack. http://wepcrack.sourceforge.net/
- Kismet- this can include detector wireless networks both visible and hidden, sniffer packets and detect intrusions. https://www.kismetwireless.net/
- WebDecrypt– this tool uses active dictionary attacks to crack the WEP keys. It has its own key generator and implements packet filters. http://wepdecrypt.sourceforge.net/
WPA Cracking
WPA uses a 256 pre-shared key or passphrase for authentications. Short passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks and other attacks that can be used to crack passwords. The following tools can be used to crack WPA keys.
- CowPatty– this tool is used to crack pre-shared keys (PSK) using brute force attack. http://wirelessdefence.org/Contents/coWPAttyMain.htm
- Cain & Abel– this tool can be used to decode capture files from other sniffing programs such as Wireshark. The capture files may contain WEP or WPA-PSK encoded frames. https://www.softpedia.com/get/Security/Decrypting-Decoding/Cain-and-Abel.shtml
General Attack types
- Sniffing– this involves intercepting packets as they are transmitted over a network. The captured data can then be decoded using tools such as Cain & Abel.
- Man in the Middle (MITM) Attack– this involves eavesdropping on a network and capturing sensitive information.
- Denial of Service Attack– the main intent of this attack is to deny legitimate users network resources. FataJack can be used to perform this type of attack. More on this in article
Cracking Wireless network WEP/WPA keys
It is possible to crack the WEP/WPA keys used to gain access to a wireless network. Doing so requires software and hardware resources, and patience. The success of such attacks can also depend on how active and inactive the users of the target network are.
We will provide you with basic information that can help you get started. Backtrack is a Linux-based security operating system. It is developed on top of Ubuntu. Backtrack comes with a number of security tools. Backtrack can be used to gather information, assess vulnerabilities and perform exploits among other things.
Some of the popular tools that backtrack has includes;
- Metasploit
- Wireshark
- Aircrack-ng
- NMap
- Ophcrack
Cracking wireless network keys requires patience and resources mentioned above. At a minimum, you will need the following tools
A wireless network adapter with the capability to inject packets (Hardware)
- Kali Operating System. You can download it from here https://www.kali.org/downloads/
- Be within the target network’s radius. If the users of the target network are actively using and connecting to it, then your chances of cracking it will be significantly improved.
- Sufficient knowledge of Linux based operating systems and working knowledge of Aircrack and its various scripts.
- Patience, cracking the keys may take a bit of sometime depending on a number of factors some of which may be beyond your control. Factors beyond your control include users of the target network using it actively as you sniff data packets.
How to Secure wireless networks
In minimizing wireless network attacks; an organization can adopt the following policies
- Changing default passwords that come with the hardware
- Enabling the authentication mechanism
- Access to the network can be restricted by allowing only registered MAC addresses.
- Use of strong WEP and WPA-PSK keys, a combination of symbols, number and characters reduce the chance of the keys been cracking using dictionary and brute force attacks.
- Firewall Software can also help reduce unauthorized access.
Hacking Activity: Crack Wireless Password
In this practical scenario, we are going touse Cain and Abel to decode the stored wireless network passwords in Windows. We will also provide useful information that can be used to crack the WEP and WPA keys of wireless networks.
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Decoding Wireless network passwords stored in Windows
- Download Cain & Abel from the link provided above.
- Open Cain and Abel
- Ensure that the Decoders tab is selected then click on Wireless Passwords from the navigation menu on the left-hand side
- Click on the button with a plus sign
- Assuming you have connected to a secured wireless network before, you will get results similar to the ones shown below
- The decoder will show you the encryption type, SSID and the password that was used.
Summary
- Wireless network transmission waves can be seen by outsiders, this possesses many security risks.
- WEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It has security flaws which make it easier to break compared to other security implementations.
- WPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It has security compared to WEP
- Intrusion Detection Systems can help detect unauthorized access
- A good security policy can help protect a network.
There many college and university students who are restricted from playing Roblox because of the Wi-Fi restrictions. This is very common, as schools frequently block their IP addresses on their computer networks. What happens when a school decides to limit accessibility for students, or prevents them from certain online activities? In the case of a Roblox block here, there are ways around this. The best alternative? Using a VPN.
What exactly is a VPN?
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Virtual Private Network (VPN) gives you privacy to conduct online activities undetected. Think about it this way – a person is at the store purchasing items and no one knows they’re there. They can’t see or hear that person, but the person is able to shop with ease. Let’s face it – everyone uses the internet, especially college and university students. In fact, most classes have online offerings or some sort of hybrid where being online is not a choice, but a mandate.
A VPN allows someone to be online, but anonymously, so students can easily enter differents websites such as acemypaper that are blocked in their school network. The person isn’t tracked, monitored or identified. First, they need to sign up for the service. It’s best to have a paid service because the free ones may not be reliable. Once that’s done, the person will receive a temporary IP address to use. This is beneficial because it’s virtual, so the connection to any website or computer should work. It’s private, making all website visits and online activity anonymous, and it’s an entire network of servers used all over the globe.
By using a VPN, the person will ensure the game is played safely with no bullying. In many cases, players get angry and will threaten to hack the other person. A VPN will prevent them from doing this because the communication channels between the Roblox server and the person’s device is encrypted. In other words, they won’t be able to trace an IP address.
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Another benefit of a VPN is that it is mobile and used on multiple devices. For instance, if someone plays Roblox at school on a laptop and then goes home to play it on their desktop, a VPN can be installed on both to ensure around-the-clock security.
Why does the school block Roblox and other sites?
Colleges and universities have issues with students using their Wi-Fi access for things not related to education. They are also concerned about students who hack or participate in distracting activities. While students may feel that censorship of certain sites is not fair, it is perfectly legal. By using a VPN, the student doesn’t have to use their personal Wi-Fi or mobile hotspot, and administrators of the network won’t be able to see or record their online activities. Once a student is on a public Wi-Fi network, anything could happen, including accessing private files or tuning to their webcam without their knowledge.
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How can Roblox be unlocked with a VPN?
Once someone installs a VPN on their device or the device they want to play Roblox on, they are connected to a server once they launch the app. It’s important to note that servers in the home country are usually fastest. Once these steps are completed, the person can open Roblox and start playing without worry. There may be instances where the individual is concerned about geoblocking. A VPN circumvents content geoblocking, as well as local blocks on websites and applications.
Using a VPN will allow the person to not only unlock Roblox, but gives additional access to unlock restricted sites and videos such as YouTube or Netflix. Students with a VPN are also able to access movies and other shows from around the world without worry.
Many people have started to understand how important having a VPN is. Unfortunately, we live in times where internet providers are able to give away location from an IP address. Government agencies also use IP addresses to monitor certain individuals, and companies watch who comes to their website and checks IP addresses. Hackers love knowing IP addresses because it makes things easier for them to hack a network and take over. No matter how “safe” an internet service provider says they are, there is a good chance they aren’t as safe as they say.
It is easy to become frustrated with the school for prohibiting access, but students now have knowledge of how to gain access to Roblox and other online games and activities. With a VPN, they are able to conduct the same activities with more security, privacy, and anonymity. Nothing changes and someone connecting to their network may not even notice the difference. Alleviating the middle man and increasing the privacy while gaming and playing Roblox is the goal. By using a VPN, the goal is met with additional perks attached.
There are a few trusted VPN companies on the market that make sure their customers stay safe at all times. Surfshark, NOrdVPN and IPVanish are just a few to consider. Before making the final decision, it is best to compare costs and benefits. A VPN should be able to take the person completely dark with no record of their activities. After all, what would someone be paying for it they could still be tracked? Many of the VPN companies also come with a trial run to determine whether their service is right for the individual.
By following the steps above, the student will open the doors to accessibility they never knew was possible. VPNs also help gamers learn about new games in other countries and play them before they hit the market. VPNs also help give them leverage to play games without anyone knowing who they really are. For many, this is a win-win.
How To Unblock Roblox Hack A Wifi Password
Take the time to do research, get a VPN, and unlock Roblox for gaming. No matter which way it’s considered, having a VPN is definitely the way to go – especially for college and university students. In today’s climate of hacking and lack of privacy, the VPN is the ultimate way to keep activities under wraps.
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